Prevalence Statistics in Eye & Vision

• Aging and Vision
  • Lee, P.P., Z.W. Feldman, J. Ostermann, D.S. Brown, and F.A. Sloan. “Longitudinal Prevalence of Major Eye Diseases,” Archives of Ophthalmology 121, no.9 (2003): 1303-1310.
• Diabetes and Vision
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Self-reported Visual Impairment among Persons with Diagnosed Diabetes — United States 1997- 2010,”  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 160, no.45 (2011): 1549-1553.
  • Kempen, J.H., B.J. O’Colmain, M.C. Leske, S.M. Haffner, R. Klein, S.E. Moss, and R.F. Hamman.  “The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Adults in the United States,” Archives of Ophthalmology 122, no.4 (2004): 552-563.
  • Roy, M.S., R. Klein, B.J. O’Colmain, B.E. Klein, S.E. Moss, and J. H. Kempen.  “The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Adult Type 1 Diabetes Persons in the United States,” Archives of Ophthalmology 122, no.4 (2004): 546-551.
  • Wong, T.Y., N. Cheung, W.T. Tay, J.J. Wang, T. Aung, S.M. Saw, and P. Mitchell.  “Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy: The Singapore Malay Eye Study,” Ophthalmology 115, no.11 (2008): 1869-1875.
  • Yau, et al.  “Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy,” Diabetic Care 35, no.3 (2012): 556-564.
  • Zhang, X., J.B. Saaddine, C.F. Chou, M.F. Cotch, Y.J. Cheng, L.S. Geiss, and R. Klein.  “Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008,” JAMA 304, no.6 (2010): 649-656.
  • Workplace Injury, Illness, and Fatality Statistics (US Department of Labor, Occupational Health & Safety)
  • Work Related Injury Statistics Query System (Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
  • National Diabetes Statistics (National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse)
  • Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Selected Eye Diseases Among Persons Aged ≥ 50 Years With and Without Diabetes (Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)
• Eye Injuries
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics.  “Workplace Injuries Involving the Eyes, 2008,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, Record Number: 2011 ASI 6782-1.402.
  • Kuhn, F., R. Morris, C.D. Witherspoon, and L. Mann. “Epidemiology of Blinding Trauma in the United States Eye Injury Registry,” Ophthalmic Epidemiology 13, no.3 (2006): 209-216.
  • Owens, P.L. and R. Mutter.  “Emergency Department Visits Related to Eye Injuries, 2008,” HCUP Statistical Brief #112.  Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2008.
  • Rophy, M., S.A. Sinclair, S.G. Hostetler, and H. Xiang. “Pediatric Eye Injury-Related Hospitalizations in the United States,” Pediatrics 117, no.6 (2006): e1263-e1271.
  • May, D.R., F. Kuhn, R.E. Morris, C.D. Witherspoon, R.P. Danis, G.P. Matthews, and L. Mann.  “The Epidemiology of Serious Eye Injuries from the United States Eye Injury Registry,” Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 238, no.2 (2000): 153-157.
  • Pizzarello, L.D.  “Ocular Trauma: Time for Action,” Ophthalmic Epidemiology 5, no.3 (1998): 115-116.
  • Witherspoon, C.D., F. Kuhn, R. Morris, L. Mann.  “Epidemiology of General and Sports Eye Injuries,” Ophthalmology Clinics of North America 12, no.3 (1999): 333-343.
  • Wong, T.Y. and J.M. Tielsch. “Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma,” Chapter 56 In Duane’s Clinical Ophthalmology.  Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 2008.
  • Wong, T.Y., M.B., Seet, and C.L. Ang. “Eye Injuries in Twentieth Century Warfare: A Historical Perspective,” Survey of Ophthalmology 41, no.6 (1997): 433-459.
  • Workplace Injury, Illness, and Fatality Statistics (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Health & Safety Administration)
• Eyewear Sales
  • Vision Council of America.  The VICA Optical Industry Compendium: A Resource Guide for Industry Growth.  Arlington, VA: Vision Council of America, 1999.
• General Eye Care
  • Center for Disease Control. “Eye-Care Utilization among Women Aged ≥40 Years with Eye Diseases — 19 States, 2006-2008,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 59, no.19 (2010): 588-591.
  • Healthy Vision 2010
• Glaucoma
  • Friedman, D.S., R.C., Wolfs, B.J. O’Colmain, B.E. Klein, H.R. Taylor, S. West, and J. Kempen.  “Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma among Adults in the United States,” Archives of Ophthalmology 122, no.4 (2004): 532-538.
  • Kawasaki, R., M. Yasuda, S.J. Song, S.J. Chen, J.B. Jonas, J.J. Wang, and T.Y. Wong. “The Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Ophthalmology 117, no.5 (2010):921-927.
  • Varjaranant, T.S., S. Wu, M. Torres, and R. Varma.  “The Changing Face of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Changes from 2011 to 2050,” American Journal of Ophthalmology in press.
  • Weih, L.M., M. Nanjan, C.A. McCarty, and H.R. Taylor.  “Prevalence and Predictors of Open-Angle Glaucoma: Results from the Visual Impairment Project,” Ophthalmology 108, no.11 (2001): 1966-1972.
• International
  • National Eye Database of Malaysia
• Macular Degeneration
  • Klein, R., C.F. Chou, B.E. Klein, X. Zhang, S.M. Meuer, and J.B. Saaddine.  “Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the US Population,” Archives of Ophthalmology 129, no.1 (2011):75-80.
  • Klein, R., B.E. Klein, M.D. Knudtson, S.M. Meuer, M. Swift, and R.E. Gangnon.  “Fifteen-Year Cumulative Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study,” Ophthalmology 114, no.2 (2007): 253-262.
  • Varma, R., A.W. Foong, M.Y. Lai, F. Choudhury, R. Klein, and S.P. Azen.  “Four-Year Incidence and Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study,” American Journal of Ophthalmology 149, no.5 (2010): 741-751.
  • Friedman, D.S., et al.  “Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States,” Archives of Ophthalmology 122, no.4 (2004): 564-572.
  • Tomany, S.C., et al. “Risk Factors for Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pooled Findings from 3 Continents,” Ophthalmology 111, no.7 (2004): 1280-1287.
• Melanoma
  • McLaughlin, C.C., X.C. Wu, A. Jemal, H.J. Martin, L.M. Roche, and V.W. Chen.  “Incidence of Noncutaneous Melanomas in the U.S.,” Cancer 103, no.5 (2005): 1000-1007.
  • Scelo, G., P. Boffetta, P. Autier, K. Hemmini, E. Pukkala, J.H. Olsen, P. Brennan, et al.  “Associations between Ocular Melanoma and Other Primary Cancers: An International Population-Based Study,” International Journal of Cancer 120, no.1 (2007): 152-159.
  • Singh, A.D., M.E. Turell, and A.K. Topham.  “Uveal Melanoma: Trends in Incidence, Treatment, and Survival,” Ophthalmology 118, no.9 (2011): 1881-1885.
  • Virgili, G., G. Gatta, L. Ciccolallo, R. Capocaccia, A. Biggeri, E. Crocetti, and E. Paci.  “Incidence of Uveal Melanoma in Europe,” Ophthalmology 114, no.12 (2007): 2309-2315.
  • Singh, A.D. and A. Topham.  “Survival Rate with Uveal Melanoma in the United States: 1973-1997,” Ophthalmology 110, no.5 (2003): 962-965.
  • Singh, A.D. and A. Topham.  “Incidence of Uveal Melanoma in the United States: 1973-1997,” Ophthalmology 110, no.5 (2003): 956-961.
  • Yu, G.P., D.N. Hu, S. McCormick, and P.T. Finger.  “Conjunctival Melanoma: Is it Increasing in the United States?” American Journal of Ophthalmology 135, no.6 (2003): 800-806.
• Ocular Disorders in Women
  • Dinn, R. B., A. Harris, and P.S. Marcus.  “Ocular Changes in Pregnancy,” Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 58, no.2 (Feb. 2003): 137-144.
  • Figueroa, F.X., and L.C. Snady-McCoy.  “Ocular Disorders in Women,” Rhode Island Magazine 78 (1995): 352-355.
• Surgery
  • Duffey, R.J. and D. Leaming.  “Trends in Refractive Surgery in the United States,” Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 30, no.8 (2004): 1781-1785.
• Visual Impairment
  • Ko, F., S. Vitale, C. Chou, M.F. Cotch, J. Saaddine, and D.S. Friedman.  “Prevalence of Nonrefractive Visual Impairment in US Adults,” JAMA 308, no.22 (2012):2361-2368.
  • Pascolini, D. and S.P. Mariotti.  “Global Estimates of Visual Impairment: 2010,” British Journal of Ophthalmology 96, no.5 (2012): 614-618.
  • Ryskulova, A., K. Turczyn, D.M. Makuc, M.F. Cotch, R.J. Klein, and R. Janiszewski.  “Self-Reported Age-Related Eye Diseases and Visual Impairment in the United States: Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey,” American Journal of Public Health 98, no.3 (2008): 454-461.
  • Ong, S.Y., C.Y. Cheung, X. Li, E. Lamoureux, et al. “Visual impairment, Age-Related Diseases, and Cognitive Function: The Singapore Malay Eye Study,” Archives of Ophthalmology in press.
  • Resnikoff, S., D. Pascolini, S.P. Mariotti,  and G.P. Pokharel.  “Global Magnitude of Visual Impairment Caused by Uncorrected Refractive Errors in 2004,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (2008): 63-70.
  • Buch, H. T. Vinding, and N.V. Nielsen.  “Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment According to World Health Organization and United States Criteria in an Aged, Urban Scandinavian Population: the Copenhagen City Eye Study,” Ophthalmology 108, no.12 (2001): 2347-2357.
  • Congdon, N.G., et al.  “Causes and Prevalence of Visual Impairment Among Adults in the United States,” Archives of Ophthalmology 122, no.4 (2004): 477-485.
  • Congdon, N.G., D.S. Friedman, and T. Lietman.  “Important Causes of Visual Impairment in the World Today,” Journal of the American Medical Association 290, no.15 (2003): 2057-2060.
  • Lennie, P. and S.B. Van Hemel.  Editors. Visual Impairments: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2002.
  • Pascolini, D., et al.  “2002 Global Update of Available Data on Visual Impairment: A Compilation of Population-based Prevalence Studies,” Ophthalmic Epidemiology 11, no.2 (2004): 67-115.
  • Resnikoff, S., et al.  “Global Data on Visual Impairment in the Year 2002,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82, no.11 (2004): 844-851.
  • Roth Nissen, K., A.K. Sjolie, H. Jensen, K. Borch-Johnsen, and T. Rosenberg.  “The Prevalence and Incidence of Visual Impairment in People of Age 20-59 Years in Industrialized Countries: A Review,” Ophthalmic Epidemiology 10, no.4 (2003): 279-291.
  • Varma, R., M. Ying-Lai, R. Klein, and S.P. Azen.  “Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study,” Ophthalmology 111, no.6 (2004): 1132-1140.
• World Blindness
  • Vision 2020.  Vision 2020 is an initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness by the WHO and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB).
  • Schaumberg, D.A. and M.R. Dana.  “The Epidemiology of Blindness: A Global Review,” Practical Optometry 7 (1996): 192-196.
  • Thylefors, B., A.D. Negrel, R. Pararajasegaram, and K.y. Dadzie.  “Available Data on Blindness (Update 1994),” Ophthalmic Epidemiology 2, no.1 (1995): 5-39.
  • Prevention of Blindness and Visual Impairment Data Maps (World Health Organization)

Last Updated:  4/4/2017